翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Revolt of Lyon against the National Convention ・ Revolt of Saint Titus ・ Revolt of the Admirals ・ Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas ・ Revolt of the Barbarians ・ Revolt of the Barretinas ・ Revolt of the Batavi ・ Revolt of the Beavers ・ Revolt of the Brotherhoods ・ Revolt of the Comuneros ・ Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada) ・ Revolt of the Comuneros (Paraguay) ・ Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion ・ Revolt of the Earls ・ Revolt of the Faitiões ・ Revolt of the Lash ・ Revolt of the Muckers ・ Revolt of the Negro Lawn Jockeys ・ Revolt of the papier timbré ・ Revolt of the Pitauds ・ Revolt of the Polkos ・ Revolt of the Praetorians ・ Revolt of the Satraps ・ Revolt of the Three Feudatories ・ Revolt of the va-nu-pieds ・ Revolt of the Zombies ・ Revolt of Tyre (996–998) ・ Revolt on Alpha C ・ Revolt On Antares ・ Revolt Tour Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Revolt of the Lash ： ウィキペディア英語版 Revolt of the Lash The Revolt of the Lash ((ポルトガル語:Revolta da Chibata)) was a 1910 naval incident that occurred in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Despite the two-year organization and strategies of the movement against the common use of a lash in disciplining crewmen, the mostly black crews of four Brazilian warships, led by João Cândido Felisberto, mutinied on 22 November, shortly after a sailor Marcelino Rodrigues Menezes publicly received 250 lashes. The crews deposed their white officers and threatened to bombard Rio de Janeiro. The mutiny was resolved within a week,〔Andrews, ''Afro-Latin America'', 149〕 with an amnesty that the Brazilian government did not honour. Consequently, a climate of unrest lasted for months. The navy discharged 2,000 sailors, but this was the last occasion on which the Brazilian navy used the lash. ==Background== Soon after the dreadnought ''Minas Geraes'' arrived in Brazil, a severe depression hit the Brazilian economy.〔Gardiner and Gray, ''Conway's, 404〕 The economic hardship, the racism prevalent in all branches of the Brazilian armed forces,〔Smallman, ''Fear & Memory'', 28〕 and the severe discipline enforced on all navy ships spawned a mutiny, known as the "Revolt of the Lash", among sailors on the major warships.〔〔Scheina, ''Latin America's Wars'', 74〕 A few of the black sailors on ''Minas Geraes'' (which had arrived in Brazil in 1910) were slaves who had been freed under the Lei Áurea of 1888, while most of the black sailors (90% of black men between 14 and 20 years old) were their sons.〔University of Paris' PhD Thesis, by Capanema, Silvia〕 They were forced to enter the navy, where they faced widespread discrimination. It was common for officers to direct racial abuse and physical violence at the sailors, who could not escape this abuse because they were required to serve for 15 years. Officers were quick to administer punishment with "leather whips tipped with metal balls" for even minor infractions.〔 Early in 1910, black sailors unhappy with their situation began planning an uprising; they chose João Cândido Felisberto — an experienced sailor later known as the "Black Admiral" — as their leader. In mid-November,〔 a sailor received a sentence of 250 strokes of the whip,〔Andrews, ''Afro-Latin America'', 148〕 in front of his fellow sailors,〔 even though the practice had been banned by law.〔 The punishment continued even after the sailor fainted.〔 The incident infuriated the nascent mutineers; they were not ready and could not revolt immediately, but they quickened their preparations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Revolt of the Lash」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.